I remember an excellent lecture in Seminary as if it were yesterday. The
professor basically reported the contents of a book by a gentleman named
Mendenhall. I have never been able to lay my hands on his book, yet I have
used the lecture from memory in my government classes for twenty years.
According to Mendenhall's archeological report, several archaeological
experts were driving through the French controlled northern Palestine in
the twenties of this century. As they drove, they noticed that every few
miles there would be a single solitary hill higher than the surrounding
terrain. Not realizing any good geological reason for such a strange
phenomenon, the gathered the resources to dig into the top of one of these.
Quickly they discovered that these tells, as they came to be called, were
in reality mounds of ancient ruins containing a dozen or more levels of
destroyed villages that dated back to the dawn of human construction in
that area. One tell in particular contained information of great value.
This was the tell in which the administrative records of the "king" or
prince of Mari were found. It would be like finding the court house
records of any county court house. Except, these were clay tablets with
primitive scratchings on them. It took some time to decipher them, but
when they were, property records, banking and perhaps even insurance
records were found.
However, the most important find was the Suzerain Agreements between the
Prince and the large number of lesser villages which owed him allegiance.
Like all legal documents these agreements were recorded in a precise
outline. That outline included six items:
The Lord our God would be King of His people, and He certainly may if He so
chooses to obligate us by contracts similar to those in use by moral pagans
who sought to impose a rule by law within their princely houses. What does
our catechism say today about the nature of the moral law? Nothing more
than the fact that the moral law and the revealed law are one in the same.
Of course, Israel would be held to a stricter accounting than the pagan
nations around her.
But the terminology would be familiar enough for any fallen humans to
appreciate. Yet, not everyone has listened and learned! In our New
Covenant reading a rich young ruler is challenged to go beyond keeping the
law that he thinks he well understands. Like many "righteous" pagans who
have appreciated the wisdom of the moral law related to the second tablet
of the commandments, the rich young ruler is not willing to honor the God
and King revealed in Christ in a manner fitting the four commandments of
the first tablet. In other words, Jesus quickly identified the false god
of mammon which the rich young ruler put ahead of the Creator God revealed
in Jesus Christ. Jesus then challenged the young man to put away all that
kept him from worshiping the true God revealed in Christ Jesus. This, we
sadly see is not to be, at least in this encounter. This man will not be
humbled easily. He will not put away the things of earth to accept the One
from heaven. There is a high tragedy here, very many people respect the
commandments, but will not accept the God who gave them.
Today, the tragedy is heightened because our culture is even abandoning the
commandments because they came from a Creator God. And not only will they
avoid Him at all costs, but run from each and every minimal requirement He
might lay upon them! No God, no commandments, no rule by law. How tragic
to live in such times that even the righteous pagans of Rome and Greece
would abhor? God may speak, but the world would rather not hear Him. In
fact the world is running so far and so fast from Him that He must judge
the nations and punish the worldly, secular, humanist insurrection that has
gone so far these last hundred and fifty years.
God's Law, as Israel well learned, cannot be ignored. Mere men are broken
and humbled by the God of Law and Grace, so are the nations judged and
punished as well. Thanks be to God, that His Spirit He has spoken to our
hearts that not only have we the Law but also the Grace given to those who
have been convicted of sin by the law. May we worship our great God
through His only Son Jesus Christ.
Mendonhall, took these various outlines from the biblical context of an
emerging Hebrew nation. He compared the heathen Suzerain documents with
the Covenantal rule of law revealed to Moses. Truthfully, if you lay these
documentary outlines down by the Revelation record, there are very stunning
similarities between the sacred and the secular mode of contractual
relationships. I certainly would not hold that the biblical record was
derived from the secular sources, but I am not surprised that our Lord God
of this, His universe chose to speak in legal terms that could quickly be
understood by peoples familiar with the ordinary contracts.
Resources Used:
Green, James B. A Harmony of the Westminster Presbyterian Standards.
(PCA) The Confession of Faith: The Shorter Catechism.
Watson, Thomas. A Body of Divinity, 10 Commandments & Lord's Prayer.
Places Preached:
Christ Covenant REFORMED (Presbyterian Church in America)
Box 132049 -- Columbus, OH 43213-8049
WSC041 24 May 97