References for "The Gospel of Truth"

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References:

A paraphrase of Richard of Chichester's famous prayer. Barclay, William. "On translating the New Testament", The New Testament: A New Translation. (London: Collins, 1968), p. 309.
Barclay, "On translating." (Op. Cit.), p. 310
Ibid., p. 316
Bromiley, Goeffrey W. "Aletheia", Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. (Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1969). Vol 1, p. 246.
Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. (Op. Cit.) Vol 1, p. 232; Buttrick, George Arthur. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible. (New York: Abingdon Press, 1962). Vol IV, p. 713.
Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. Vol 1, p. 234
Translation of Psalm 111: 7 Ibid., pl 236
Ibid., p. 238
Ibid., p. 239
Ibid., p. 239
Bernard, J.H. The International Critical Commentary: A Critical & Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St John. (New York: Charles Scribner's sons, 1929), p. 25
Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. Vol 1, p. 247ff.
Brown, Raymond E. The Anchor Bible: The Gospel According to John. (Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1966), p. 500
Barrett, C.K. The Gospel According to St John. (London: S.P.C.K., 1967), p. 139
Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. Vol 4, p. 1084
Barrett. St John. (Op. Cit.), p. 285; Bernard. St John.(Op. Cit.), p. 25; Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. Vol 1, p. 246
Parker, T.H.L. Calvin's Commentaries: The Gospel According to St John. (Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1979), p. 221f
Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. Vol 1, p. 245
Clark, Gordon. Faith & Saving Faith. (Jefferson: The Trinity Foundation, 1983)

Bibliography:

Aland, Kurt. The Greek New Testament. (25th Edition of Nestle-Aland Greek text)
(Stuttgart: Wurttemberg Bible Society, 1966)

Arndt, William F. & Gingrich, F. Wilbur. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament.
(Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971)

Barclay, William. The Daily Study Bible: The Gospel of John.
(Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1956)

Barclay, William. The New Testament: A New Translation.
(London: Collins, 1968)

Barker, Kenneth L. The NIV: The Making of a Contemporary Translation.
(Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1986)

Barrett, C.K. The Gospel According to St John.
(London: S.P.C.K., 1967)

Belcher, Richard P. Doing An Effective Greek Word Study.
(Columbia: Richbarry Press, 1985)

Belcher, Richard P. Doing Textual Criticism in the Greek New Testament.
(Columbia: Richbarry Press, 1985)

Bernard, J.H. The International Critical Commentary: A Critical & Exegetical Commentary
on the Gospel According to St. John.
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1929)

Bromiley, Goeffrey W. Theological Dictionary of the new Testament.
(Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1969)

Brown, Raymond E. The Anchor Bible: The Gospel According to John.
(Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1966)

Buttrick, George Arthur. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible.
(New York: Abingdon Press, 1962)

Clark, Gordon. Faith & Saving Faith.
(Jefferson, The Trinity Foundation, 1983)

Dods, Marcus. The Expositor's Bible: The Gospel of St John.
(New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son, 1903)

International Bible Society. The New International Version of The Holy Bible.
(Grand Rapids: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1984)

Jones, Alexander. The Jerusalem Bible: Reader's Edition.
(Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1968)

Lockman Foundation. New American Standard Bible.
(New York: Collins Publishers, 1975)

McConnachie, John. The Gospel of Life: Studies in the Gospel According to St. John.
(Edinburgh: The Church o Scotland Youth Committee, 1957)

MacGregor, G.H.C. The Moffatt New Testament Commentary: The Gospel of John.
(Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1929)

MacLaren, Alexander. The Gospel According to St. John.
(New York: A.C. Armstrong & Son, 1908)

Marshall, Alfred. NASB-NIV Parallel new Testament in Greek & English.
(Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1987)

Metzger, Bruce M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament.
(London: United Bible Societies, 1971)

Metzger, Bruce M. Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek.
(Princeton: Bruce M Metzger, 1971)

Monser, Harold E. Topical Index and Digest of the Bible.
(Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1983)

Moulton, W.F. & Geden, A.S. A Concordance to the Greek Testament.
(Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1970)

Parker, T.H.L. Calvin's Commentaries: The Gospel According to St John
(Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1979)

Phillips, J.B. The New Testament in Modern English.
(New York: The Iversen-Ford Associates, 1963)

Tasker, R.V.G. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries: #4 The Gospel According to St John
(Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1977)

Unknown. The Analytical Greek Lexicon.
(Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1972)

Whitlock, Luder. New Geneva Study Bible (NKJV)
(Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995)

Young, Robert. Analytical Concerdance to the Bible.
(Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1972)

NOTES ON THE TEXT:

Verse	Greek Text	English Translation	NOTES
	Brief comment.
	Comparison to other translation.

12.1		When	ENGLISH STYLE
	To avoid overuse of "again".
	Used by NIV & Jerusalem.

12.2		never	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To enhance the meaning of "by no means" in Marshall. NASB-NIV Parallel New Testament in Greek & English.
	Used by NIV & Phillips.

13.1		challenged	ENGLISH CLARITY & STYLE
	To establish the adversarial relationship and to avoid overuse of "said".
	Used by Phillips and Jerusalem.

13.2		own behalf	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To simplify the phrase both here and in 14.2.
	Used by Jerusalem.

13.3		valid	ENGLISH CLARITY & GREEK SENSE
	To set off the various meanings in the word truth. See 32.1.
	Used by NIV, Jerusalem and Phillips.

14.1		replied	ENGLISH STYLE
	To avoid overuse of "said".
	Used by Jerusalem.

14.2		own behalf	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To simplify the phrase bother here and in 13.2.
	Used by both NIV and Jerusalem.

14.3		valid	ENGLISH CLARITY & GREEK SENSE
	See note 13.3 and 32.1.

14.4		no comprehension	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To emphasize the lack of understanding.
	Similar to "no idea" in NIV & Phillips.

15.1		you use only human standards to judge	GREEK SENSE
	Conjunction with "From human point of view".
	Used by NIV, Jerusalem and Phillips.

16.1		sound	GREEK TEXT
	Slight degree of doubt about this adjective. See note 13.3. Evidence is slightly better than for other readings. Metzger. Textual Commentary. p. 223..
	Used by Jerusalem.

16.2		Father	GREEK TEXT
	The word for Father is absent from some witnesses. However, its absence from four or five manuscripts is not significant. Metzger. Textual Commentary. p. 223..
	Used by NKJV and NIV.

17.1		law	GREEK SENSE
	The meaning of the word here is the usual one, referring to various portions of the Old Testament. Here and in the next verse there is the sense that what the law says or ordains is fulfilled in the life and work of Jesus. Thus, rejection of Jesus is also rejection of the revelation of the law. The emphatic sense displayed here is that it is precisely the law to which they appeal in opposition, that refers to Christ. Thus, as the passage develops, if they do not hear him, they do not hear scripture either. Bromiley. Theological Dictionary. IV, p. 1082-1084.
	Used by NIV and NKJV.

18.1		may testify	ENGLISH STYLE
	To stress Father's action in the last part of the sentence.
	Used by Jerusalem.

18.2		as well	ENGLISH STYLE
	Expansion of used in the sense of also.
	Amplification of Jerusalem.

20.1		Temple grounds	ENGLISH CLARITY
	Translations vary in complexity, this arrangement is simple.

21.1		It is impossible for you to go	GREEK SENSE
	To stress the sense of the Greek which is trongly implied in the other translations.

23.1		continued	ENGLISH STYLE
	To avoid overuse of "said".

24.1		you already	ENGLISH STYLE
	To stress the repitition.
	Used by Jerusalem.

24.2		I am He	GREEK SENSE
	From the LXX sense of "I AM HE". Grammatical sense is continuous, implying neither beginning nor end.
	Used by NASB, NKJV & Jerusalem.

24.3		you will indeed die	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To stress the grammatical future implication.
	Used by NIV.

25.1		Why do I bother to talk to you?	GREEK PUNCTUATION
	Very disputed passage. Because of a lack of punctuation, there are three possible interpretations. I chose the more literal translation used by Marshall, Parallel New Testament. See also Metzger, Textural Commentary, page 224..

26.1		is reliable	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To set off the various meanings in the word truth. See 32.1.
	Used by NIV.

26.2		I declare	ENGLISH STYLE
	To avoid overuse of speak.
	Used by Jerusalem.

30.1		While he was speaking these words	ENGLISH STYLE
	Extension of "as" and "even".
	Similar to Phillips.

31.1		remain	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To modernize "abide" while retaining its sense.

32.1		correct doctrine ... that truth	GREEK MEANING
	Since this word is one of the key words of the Fourth Gospel, and its significance is greater in this passage, the translation has been interpreted with these words of greater depth. Here the word for truth is closely related to the eternal existence and saving mission of Jesus Christ. See Barrett. St John, page 285, Bernard. Gospel According to St John. Volume 1, page 25 and Bromiley. "alhqeia", Theological Dictionary.

34.1		I tell you and it is true	UNIQUE GREEK
	amhn is quite unusual at the beginning of a sentence. When it is transferred, as in the Gospels, to the beginning of a sentence, it gives the statement a special serious-ness, solemnity and weight. The double amhn amhn of John's Gospel is unique. Barclay. The New Testament. Volume 1, page 337.

34.2		to sin	GREEK TEXT
	The absence of these words in some texts is seen as a stylistic improvement. Metzger. Textual Commentary. page 224.
	Used by NIV.

35.1		assured	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To stress the permanent nature of the context.
	Used by Jerusalem.

37.1		[has] penetrated into your mind	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To stress the mindless misunderstanding of the Pharisees.
	Slightly beyond Jerusalem.

38.1		in the Father's presence	GREEK TEXT
	Very diffcult verse, many variant readings. These words appear to be the original text, several additions have been left out. These additions may have been added to improve clarity. Metzter. Textual Commentary, page 224.
	Used by the NIV.

38.2		you do what you have learned	GREEK TEXT
	The word learned has been used to simplify the difficulty. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 225; Brown. Gospel According to John, page 356.
	Used by Jerusalem.

38.3		your father	GREEK TEXT
	Possessive pronoun needed here to clarify the sense of different fathers. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 225.
	Used by NIV, NKJV, NASB, Jerusalem & Phillips.

39.1		They retorted	ENGLISH STYLE
	To avoid overuse of "said" and to emphasize the adversarial relationship.
	Used by Phillips.

39.2		you would do	GREEK TEXT
	It appears that the original text of this verse involved a mixed conditional sentence. The variant readins arose in an effort to "correct" this condition. Metzger. Textual Commentary. page 225.

40.1		Even now	ENGLISH STYLE
	To emphasize what is being planned.

41.1		spiritually unfaithful	GREEK SENSE & ENGLISH CLARITY
	To avoid the use of bastard and related implications, but to still clarify the spiritual nature.

42.1		I have not come on my own initiative	GREEK SENSE
	To emphasize the implied meaning of relationship with the Father.
	Used by NASB & NKJV.

43.1		Do you know why you cannot comprehend	GREEK SENSE
	To bring out the implied lack of comprehension.

44.1		never stood	GREEK TEXT
	The imperfect form supported by several witnesses follows more naturally. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 226.

44.2		in him at all	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To emphasize comple absence of the quality.
	Used by Jerusalem.

44.3		native tongue	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To further emphasize the devil's true nature.
	Used by NIV.

45.1		But as for me ... that is why	GREEK SENSE & CLARITY
	To establish clearly the different nature of Christ.
	Used by Jerusalem.

47.1		child of God	GREEK SENSE
	To simplify the phrase and clarify it in English.
	Used by Jerusalem and similar to Phillips.

47.2		For this reason you cannot hear	GREEK SENSE
	To emphasize the condition of the Pharisees.
	Slightly beyond NASB.

48.1		It has been well said	ENGLISH STYLE
	To modernize the phrase.

50.1		seek ... takes care ... is the judge	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To balance the content by not repeating "seek" and to emphasize the sovereignty of God..
	Similar to Jerusalem.

53.1		our father	GREEK TEXT
	These words are omitted by several ancient texts probably because they seem to contradict the statement in verse 44. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 226.
	Used by NIV, NASB & NKJV.

54.1		My glory is conferred	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To confirm who is sovereign.
	Used by Jerusalem.

54.2		whom you claim as your God	GREEK SENSE & TEXT
	The change in discourse was more likely to go from direct to indirect. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 226.
	Used by NIV.

56.1		knowing that he would see	ENGLISH CLARITY
	To emphasize the reallity of Abraham's promise. This translation goes beyond the wording of the others, yet hopefully preserves the sense of the Greek.

57.1		argued	ENGLISH STYLE
	To avoid overuse of "said" and to bring out the implied adversity that is growing.

57.2		fifty	GREEK NUMERICS
	In an attempt to harmonize the statement more closely with other passages, a few witnesses read forty instead of fity. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 226.
	Used by NKJV, NIV & NASB as well as others.

57.3		you have seen?	GREEK TEXT
	The reading chosen for the text, besides having much stronger manuscript attestation, is more fitting on the part of the Jews, who assuming the superiority of Abraham would naturally represent jesus as seeing Abraham rather than Abraham as seeing Jesus. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 227.
	Used by NIV, NKJV & NASB with minor differences in word order.

59.1		But Jesus hid Himself and left the temple	GREEK TEXT
	An overwhelming number of witnesses have this closing. In order to improve the impression that Jesus escaped by miraculous power, copyists expanded the text by borrowing from Luke 4: 30. Metzger. Textual Commentary, page 227.

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